Theaflavins (TFs)iyoThearubigins (TRs)waa laba kooxood oo kala duwan oo iskudhisyo polyphenolic ah oo laga helo shaaha madow, mid walbana leh iskudhisyo kiimiko iyo sifooyin gaar ah. Fahmidda kala duwanaanshaha u dhexeeya iskudhisyadan ayaa lagama maarmaan u ah fahamka tabarucaadkooda shaqsiyeed ee sifooyinka iyo faa'iidooyinka caafimaad ee shaaha madow. Maqaalkani wuxuu higsanayaa inuu bixiyo sahan dhammaystiran oo ku saabsan farqiga u dhexeeya Theaflavins iyo Thearubigins, oo ay taageerayaan caddayn ka timid cilmi-baaris khuseysa.
Theaflavins iyo thearubigins labaduba waa flavonoids oo gacan ka geysta midabka, dhadhanka, iyo jirka shaaha.Theaflavins waa casaan ama oranji, thearubigins-kuna waa casaan-bunniTheaflavins waa flavonoid-yada ugu horreeya ee soo baxa inta lagu jiro oksaydhka, halka thearubigins-ku ay soo baxaan goor dambe. Theaflavins-ku waxay gacan ka geystaan caloosha shaaha, dhalaalka, iyo xawaaraha, halka thearubigins-ku ay gacan ka geystaan xooggiisa iyo dareenka afka.
Theaflavins waa nooc ka mid ah isku-dhafka polyphenolic kuwaas oo gacan ka geysta midabka, dhadhanka, iyo sifooyinka kor u qaada caafimaadka ee shaaha madow. Waxaa lagu sameeyaa iyada oo loo marayo isbeddelka oksaydhka ee catechins inta lagu jiro habka halsano ee caleenta shaaha. Theaflavins waxaa loo yaqaanaa saameyntooda antioxidant-ka iyo ka-hortagga bararka, kuwaas oo lala xiriiriyay faa'iidooyin caafimaad oo kala duwan, oo ay ku jiraan ilaalinta wadnaha iyo xididdada dhiigga, sifooyinka ka-hortagga kansarka, iyo saameynta ka-hortagga gabowga ee suurtagalka ah.
Dhanka kale,Thearubiginswaa iskudhisyo waaweyn oo polyphenolic ah oo sidoo kale laga helo oksaydhka shaaha polyphenols inta lagu jiro halsano caleenta shaaha. Waxay mas'uul ka yihiin midabka cas ee hodanka ah iyo dhadhanka astaamaha shaaha madow. Thearubigins waxaa lala xiriiriyay sifooyin antioxidant, anti-bararka, iyo ilaalinta maqaarka, taasoo ka dhigaysa mawduuc xiiso leh oo ku saabsan ka hortagga gabowga iyo daryeelka maqaarka.
Kiimiko ahaan, Theaflavins way ka duwan yihiin Thearubigins marka loo eego qaab-dhismeedkooda iyo hal-abuurkooda molecular-ka. Theaflavins waa isku-dhisyo dimeric ah, taasoo la macno ah isku-darka laba unug oo yaryar ayaa sameeya, halka Thearubigins ay yihiin isku-dhisyo polymeric ah oo waaweyn oo ka dhasha polymerization-ka flavonoids-ka kala duwan inta lagu jiro halsano shaaha. Kala duwanaanshahan qaab-dhismeedka wuxuu gacan ka geystaa hawlahooda bayooloji ee kala duwan iyo saameynta caafimaad ee suurtagalka ah.
| Theaflavins | Thearubigins | |
| Midab | Liin ama casaan | Casaan-bunni |
| Ka qayb qaadashada shaaha | Cadaadis, dhalaal, iyo dhaqso | Xoog iyo dareen afka ah |
| Qaab-dhismeedka kiimikada | Si fiican loo qeexay | Kala duwan iyo aan la aqoon |
| Boqolleyda miisaanka qalalan ee shaaha madow | 1–6% | 10–20% |
Theaflavins waa kooxda ugu weyn ee isku-dhafka ah ee loo isticmaalo qiimeynta tayada shaaha madow. Saamiga shaaha madow ee tayo sare leh (TF:TR) waa inuu ahaadaa 1:10 ilaa 1:12 shaaha madow ee tayada sare leh. Waqtiga khamiirinta waa qodob muhiim ah oo lagu ilaalinayo saamiga TF:TR.
Theaflavins iyo thearubigins waa badeecooyin astaan u ah oo laga sameeyay catechins inta lagu jiro oksaydhka enzymatic ee shaaha inta lagu jiro wax soo saarka. Theaflavins waxay siiyaan shaaha midab oranji ama casaan ah waxayna gacan ka geystaan dareenka afka iyo heerka sameynta kareemka. Waa isku-dhafan dimeric ah oo leh qalfoof benzotropolone ah oo ka samaysan isku-darka oksaydhka ee lammaane catechins ah oo la soo xulay. Oksaydhka giraanta B ee midkood (−)-epigallocatechin ama (−)-epigallocatechin gallate waxaa ku xiga luminta CO2 iyo isku-darka isku mar ah giraanta B ee (−)-epicatechin ama (−)-epicatechin gallate molecule (Jaantuska 12.2). Afar aflavin oo waaweyn ayaa lagu aqoonsaday shaaha madow: theaflavin, theaflavin-3-monogallate, theaflavin-3′-monogallate, iyo theaflavin-3,3′-digallate. Intaa waxaa dheer, stereoisomers-kooda iyo waxyaabaha ka soo baxa way jiri karaan. Dhawaan, waxaa la soo sheegay joogitaanka theaflavin trigallate iyo tetragallate ee shaaha madow (Chen et al., 2012). Theaflavins-ka waa la sii oksaydhi karaa. Waxay u badan tahay inay sidoo kale yihiin horudhaca sameynta thearubigins-ka polymeric. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, habka falcelinta ilaa hadda lama yaqaan. Thearubigins-ku waa midabyo casaan-bunni ama bunni madow ah oo ku jira shaaha madow, waxa ku jira waxay ka dhigan yihiin ilaa 60% miisaanka qalalan ee shaaha lagu shubo.
Marka laga hadlayo faa'iidooyinka caafimaad, Theaflavins waxaa si ballaaran loogu sameeyay daraasad ku saabsan doorka ay ka ciyaari karaan kor u qaadista caafimaadka wadnaha iyo xididdada dhiigga. Cilmi-baaris ayaa soo jeedisay in Theaflavins ay gacan ka geysan karaan yareynta heerarka kolestaroolka, hagaajinta shaqada xididdada dhiigga, iyo inay yeeshaan saameyn ka-hortagga bararka, kuwaas oo dhammaantood faa'iido u leh caafimaadka wadnaha iyo xididdada dhiigga. Intaa waxaa dheer, Theaflavins waxay muujiyeen awoodda ay ku joojin karaan koritaanka unugyada kansarka waxayna yeelan karaan sifooyin ka-hortagga sonkorowga.
Dhanka kale, Thearubigins waxaa lala xiriiriyay saamaynta antioxidant-ka iyo anti-bararka, kuwaas oo muhiim u ah la dagaallanka walbahaarka oksaydhka iyo bararka jirka. Sifooyinkani waxay gacan ka geysan karaan saameynta ka hortagga gabowga iyo ilaalinta maqaarka ee Thearubigins, taasoo ka dhigaysa mowduuc xiiso leh daryeelka maqaarka iyo cilmi-baarista la xiriirta da'da.
Gunaanadkii, Theaflavins iyo Thearubigins waa iskudhisyo polyphenolic ah oo kala duwan oo laga helo shaaha madow, mid walbana wuxuu leeyahay walxo kiimiko ah oo gaar ah iyo faa'iidooyin caafimaad oo suurtagal ah. In kasta oo Theaflavins lala xiriiriyay caafimaadka wadnaha iyo xididdada dhiigga, sifooyinka ka hortagga kansarka, iyo saameynta ka hortagga sonkorowga, Thearubigins waxaa lala xiriiriyay sifooyin ka hortagga antioxidant, ka hortagga bararka, iyo ilaalinta maqaarka, taasoo ka dhigaysa mowduuc xiiso leh oo ku saabsan cilmi-baarista ka hortagga gabowga iyo daryeelka maqaarka.
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Waqtiga boostada: Maajo-11-2024
